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- From: griffith_j@APOLLO.COM (John G. Griffith)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.apollo
- Subject: Re: more on that disk in the SECRET safe (wishing it were in an Apollo!)
- Message-ID: <9105211726.AA03448@xuucp.ch.apollo.hp.com>
- Date: 21 May 91 17:22:14 GMT
- Sender: daemon@ucbvax.BERKELEY.EDU
- Lines: 305
-
-
- Esther:
- Here is the entire text of the declassification procedure.
- I hope it is helpful.
-
- As a side note, Ray Moran of the DIS (San Francisco Office)
- is looking at this procedure with the goal of certifying it under a DIS
- program. I understand that once he certifies it, it will be accepted for use
- throughout the US.
-
-
- DECLASSIFICATION OF APOLLO EQUIPMENT
-
- Apollo does provide users who use Apollo equipment with the capability to
- perform device and memory declassification procedures. Users who wish to
- declassify subsystems on Apollo equipment can use the facilities of the
- Diagnostics Executive (DEX) product to perform declassification of all device
- types. At sites where declassification occurs often, users can create DEX
- command files to automatically perform the procedures outlined below, or specify
- any other procedure deemed necessary and approved by the Accrediting Authority.
-
-
- RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
-
- The standard requirement to declassify random access memory in systems
- processing up to and including TOP SECRET data is to cycle the power to it twice
- (turn off, wait 1 minute, turn on, wait for startup-diagnostics to complete,
- turn off). There is no backup memory power for RAM in Apollo systems, so this
- method will cause randomization and initialization of all random-access memory
- locations.
-
-
- In the event that more sensitive information is being processed, or if the
- accrediting agency is more stringent, other methods may be required. One
- requirement in existance for sensitive information is that every physical memory
- location be over-written 1000 times with random or unclassified bit patterns.
- This requirement, or variations on it, can be satisfied using the Diagnostic
- Executive (DEX) program. The memory diagnostic module will support
- declassification by permitting the user to overwrite every location in memory a
- user-specified number of times. The procedure is provided below:
-
-
- 1. Obtain the Mnemonic Debugger (MD) prompt. This can be done by issuing the
- 'SHUT' display manager or boot shell command or by powering the node up while in
- Service mode.
-
- 2. > EX DEX
-
- the computer will respond with identification information, then the
- DEX prompt; DEX>
-
- 3. Declassify the area of memory above the DEX software:
-
- DEX> RUN MEM 100 -PASS 100 -PAT $FFFFFFFF 0 $AAAAAAAA $55555555 @
- { DEX will insert some identification information here }
- _> $00FF00FF $FF00FF00 $FFFFFFFF 0 $AAAAAAAA $55555555
-
- 4. DEX will then list the memory configuration of the system and ask if you
- want to restrict the address range to be tested. Enter 'N' for no.
-
- 5. DEX will then warn you that it cannot test certain ranges of memory, then
- starts the test on the remainder of memory available. This is because those
- parts of memory are occupied by DEX and the memory test programs:
-
- ENTERING "MEM.DEX.1"
- %WARNING: CANNOT TEST RANGE $01000000 TO $010007FF - (MEM.DEX/MCR)
- %WARNING: CANNOT TEST RANGE $01000800 TO $010447FF - (MEM.DEX/MCR)
- ...
-
- Note the lowest and the highest address in this list (in this case, $01000000 and
- $010447FF).
-
- 6. When the test completes, relocate the DEX system to the highest available
- memory locations:
-
- DEX> RELOC -HIGH
-
- 7. Repeat step 3.
-
- 8. In response to the query regarding restricting the address range,
- either answer 'N' as before, or save some time by restricting the memory to
- be tested to just those areas previously occupied by DEX:
-
- RESTRICT ADDRESS RANGE (Y, N) <N>: Y
- RESTRICTION BY BOARD # OR ADDRESS RANGE (B, R, N) <B>: R
- LOW RANGE ADDRESS TO TEST <$0>: $01000000 { using above data }
- HIGH RANGE ADDRESS TO TEST <$0>: $010447FF { using above data }
- LOW RANGE ADDRESS TO TEST <$0> :
- ..
- ..
-
- Note that the address range $01000000 TO $010007FF cannot be cleared using
- this method. This area of physical memory is reserved for the mnemonic
- debugger work space, and therefore is not available for use by either the
- operating system or any user. Because of its' restricted use, there is
- little or no risk that classified information will be stored in that memory
- page. The MD command TE will cause this area to be overwritten, and
- powering the node down will cause this page of memory to be 'randomized'.
-
-
- MAGNETIC REMOVABLE MEDIA
-
- It is recommended that media in this category, including 1/2" magnetic
- tape, floppy diskettes, and cartridge tapes, be either declassified using an
- NSA-approved degaussing device, or be destroyed in accordance with the
- appropriate service and/or DoD regulation(s). The use of a approved degaussing
- device is much more economic, saves wear and tear on the system peripherals, and
- is considered to present less of a security risk than using program-driven
- declassification tools. The procedure below outlines a DEX procedure to
- declassify floppy diskettes. Similar procedures can be performed on 1/2"
- tape magnetic tape and cartridge tape media, if necessary.
-
- The Diagnostic Executive (DEX) can be used to declassify floppy diskettes in
- accordance with Department of Defense Directive 5200.28. The procedure to
- accomplish this is consists of Four phases: Declassification, Verification,
- Formatting, and Re-Involing. The Declassification phase is accomplished as follows:
-
-
- 1. Obtain the Memnomic Debugger (MD) prompt. This can be done by issuing the
- 'SHUT' display manager or boot shell command or by powering the node up while in
- Service mode.
-
- 2. > EX DEX
-
- the computer will respond with identification information, then the
- DEX prompt; DEX>
-
- 3. DEX> RUN FLP 10 -ENTIRE -NOBADSPOTS -WRITE -PAT $FFFF
-
- 4. DEX will warn you that the operation will destroy the contents of the disk,
- and ask you if you want to continue. Enter 'Y'. DEX will then execute the
- diagnostic. Ignore any bad spot errors reported. When complete, DEX will
- issue the DEX prompt.
-
- 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4, changing the pattern written to 0:
-
- DEX> RUN FLP 10 -ENTIRE -NOBADSPOTS -WRITE -PAT $0
-
- 6. Repeat steps 3 and 4, changing the pattern argument to any random value:
-
- DEX> RUN FLP 10 -ENTIRE -NOBADSPOTS -WRITE -RANDOM
-
- The diskette has now been declassified. The verification phase is described
- after the declassification instructions for winchesters and storage devices.
-
-
- WINCHESTER AND STORAGE MODULE DEVICES
-
- Like memory and floppy diskettes, Winchester and Storage Module Devices can
- be declassified using the Diagnostic Executive (DEX) utility if the procedure is
- approved by the Accrediting Authority. The procedure below meets the
- requirements of DoD Directive 5200.28. The user should be warned that some
- Accrediting Authorities WILL NOT accept any form of declassification and require
- that the device be destroyed.
-
- The procedure for declassification of a winchester disk or storage
- module follows:
-
- 1. Obtain the Mnemonic Debugger (MD) prompt. This can be done by issuing the
- 'SHUT' display manager or boot shell command or by powering the node up while in
- Service mode.
-
- 2. > EX DEX
-
- the computer will respond with identification information, then the
- DEX prompt; DEX>
-
- 3. Start the DEX write/read/verify test. For information on how to specify
- different disk devices on a multi-disk system, read the DEX manual, or use the
- DEX help facility to determine the arguments required.
-
- DEX> RUN WIN 10 -ENTIRE -NOBADSPOTS -WRITE -PAT $FFFF {-controller x -drive y}
-
- 4. DEX will warn you that the operation will destroy the contents of the disk,
- and ask you if you want to continue. Enter 'Y'. DEX will then execute the
- diagnostic. Ignore any bad spot errors reported. DEX will also provide
- warnings that the test is skipping bad block tracks. These can be
- ignored, since they are not writable by users. When complete, DEX will
- reissue the DEX prompt.
-
- 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4, changing the pattern written to 0:
-
- DEX> RUN WIN 10 -ENTIRE -NOBADSPOTS -WRITE -PAT $0
-
- 6. Repeat steps 3 and 4, changing the pattern argument to any random value:
-
- DEX> RUN WIN 10 -ENTIRE -NOBADSPOTS -WRITE -RANDOM
-
- The disk has now been declassified.
-
- ( Note that this test writes the full sector address in the first
- 6 bytes of each sector each pass. )
-
- VERIFICATION OF DECLASSIFICATION
-
- Every Apollo-supported disk supports an exercisor test which accepts manual
- commands for certain common operations. This test can be used to randomly
- read and display sectors or tracks from a declassified disk. In addition,
- a compare function is supported to aid in detecting disk sectors that contain
- unknown values.
-
- The test number to execute varies from machine type to machine type. The
- following table provides the test number for each of the machine types currently
- supported:
-
- Node Type Sau Test #
- DN560T, DN570T,
- DN580T,DN590T /sau6 502
- DN3500/4000/4500 /sau7 108
- DN3000/3010/3050 /sau8 108
- DN10000 /sau10 502
-
- To verify the contents of any track on the disk, execute the following
- command at the DEX prompt:
-
- {For a Sau7/8 machine:}
- DEX> RUN WIN 108 -ENTIRE -NOBADSPOTS -WRITE -PAT $0 {-controller x -drive y}
- DEX will load the test and display some identification, then ask the
- following questions:
- **************************** WARNING! WARNING! ****************************
- THE PARAMETERS YOU HAVE CHOSEN WILL DESTROY DATA ON THE DISK.
- DO YOU WISH TO CONTINUE? (Y, N) <N>: Y(CR)
-
- As indicated above, answer with a 'Y' and a return. DEX will then execute the
- exerciser test. This test first displays the current disk parameter set and
- explains how to get help. In general, to view a disk sector, the command sequence
- follows:
- COMMAND [GO]: clear (cr)
- CLEARED THE COMMAND TABLE
- COMMAND [GO]: seek (cylinder) (head) (cr)
- COMMAND ACCEPTED
- COMMAND [GO]: read s (start sector) (# of sectors) (cr)
- COMMAND ACCEPTED
- COMMAND [GO]: print i (# of bytes per sector to print) (# of sectors) (cr)
- COMMAND ACCEPTED
- COMMAND [GO]: (cr)
-
- This sequence will permit you to examine any sector or sectors on the disk.
-
- RE-FORMATTING AND RE_INVOLING THE DISK
-
- At this point, the disk is useless as all information and programs on it have been
- written over. In order to continue, the system must be booted off another boot
- source (i.e., another disk, cartridge tape, floppy disk, or another node on the
- network). Boot the node from the alternate boot source in accordance with the
- operations manual, and then execute the INVOL stand-alone utility. The operations
- required include:
-
- Option 1: Initialize a virgin physical volume.
-
- For verification options, choose option 3 - Write and reread all blocks on the volume.
-
- This Option re-formats and re-initializes the disk so that it can be used in Apollo
- file systems.
-
- Option 8: Initialize OS Paging Area.
- Required if this is to be a bootable disk.
-
- INVOL will complete each option with a request for more to do. After the desired options
- have been executed, enter 'n' in response to this question.
-
- Software can now be installed on the disk in accordance with the installation instructions
- that accompany the software.
-
-
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Command File Examples: (based on DEX Memory Test version 4.0, October 21, 1987 )
-
- create file /sau_sys/dmem.cmd:
- ONERR -CONT
- RELOC -LO -CMD 'DO /sau_sys/dmemlo'
- DO /sau_sys/dmemlo
-
- create file /sau_sys/dmemlo.cmd:
- ONERR -CONT
- INPUT -CMD
- TYPE 'START UPPER MEMORY DECLASSIFICATION'
- RUN MEM 100 -PASS 3 -PAT $FFFFFFFF 0 $AAAAAAAA $55555555
- N
- TYPE 'UPPER MEMORY DECLASSIFICATION COMPLETE'
- RELOC -HIGH -CMD 'DO /sau_sys/dmemhi'
-
- create file /sau_sys/dmemhi.cmd:
- ONERR -CONT
- INPUT -CMD
- TYPE 'START LOWER MEMORY DECLASSIFICATION'
- RUN MEM 100 -PASS 3 -BOARD 0 -PAT $FFFFFFFF 0 $AAAAAAAA $55555555
- TYPE 'LOWER MEMORY DECLASSIFICATION COMPLETE'
- TYPE
- TYPE 'MEMORY DECLASSIFICATION COMPLETE'
-
- ---
-
- Memory declassification can now be accomplished by entering the
- following command at the DEX prompt:
-
- DEX> DO /sau_sys/dmem
-
-
-
- --------
- John G. Griffith EMAIL: griffith_j@apollo.hp.com
- Operating Systems Technology Lab, OSSD mit-eddie!apollo!griffith_j
- Hewlett-Packard, Inc.
-